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== Bio-mechanical terms ==
 
  
Derived from an article "Defining the game through biomechanics"
+
'''From A reply by Jim Merrell to the topic Carrydown or Depletion? What to look for'''
by Joe Slowinski December 2011
 
http://bowlingknowledge.info/images/stories/slowinskidec11.pdf
 
  
Joe's website is http://bowlingknowledge.info/index.php
+
Source: http://forum.bowlingchat.net/viewtopic.php?f=20&t=13148
  
References
+
As to what to look for? It's a little more complicated than a one line answer, sorry for the long post.
White, N. (2003). Measurement of Joint Motion: A
 
Guide to Goniometry (4th edition) Philadelphia: F.A.
 
Davis Company.
 
  
 +
Disclaimer: none of the following is based on scientific data......just my observations over many years.
  
===Forearm Supination/Pronation===
+
I view depletion as a reduction of something; that something being oil in the case of the bowling environment.
  
The neutral position for the forearm is the
+
'''Here's the simple explanation:'''
thumbs up position. When the hand and
+
Depletion of oil on the lane results in earlier reaction (ball could lose energy too soon....lose of down lane reaction).
forearm face the ceiling, the forearm is rotated
 
to approximately 90 degrees of supination.
 
Conversely, when the forearm faces down, it
 
is in approximately 90 degrees of pronation.
 
According to both the '''American Medical
 
Association (AMA) and the American Academy
 
of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS), the normal
 
range of motion (ROM)'''<u>Underlined text</u> for both forearm supination
 
and pronation is 80 degrees.
 
  
===Wrist Flexion/Extension===
+
Carry down of oil on the lane typically results in later ball reaction.
  
The neutral (0 degree) position of the wrist
+
Now for the dissertation:
is the fingers straight and the hand aligned
 
with the forearm. Flexion at the wrist involves
 
movement of the palm of the hand toward the
 
palm side of the forearm. In colloquial bowling
 
speak, this has historically been referred to as
 
cupping the ball. Wrist extension is moving
 
the fingers and palm away from the palm side
 
of the forearm. Extension is often referred to
 
as breaking the wrist. The normal ROM for
 
wrist flexion is 60 degrees (AMA) to 70 degrees
 
(AAOS). According to the AMA, the normal
 
ROM for extension is 60 degrees whereas the
 
AAOS reports it as 70 degrees.
 
  
===Wrist Ulnar Deviation/Radial Deviation===
+
'''Depletion of oil'''
  
Ulnar deviation is moving the wrist medially,
+
'''Givens:'''
toward the body. It is named for the ulna bone,
+
1) The ball is traveling at its fastest speed as it leaves the hand (facilitates skid).
a long bone on the inside (when the forearm is
+
2) Axis Rotation is at its greatest at release (facilitates skid).
supinated) of the forearm. This is also known
+
3) During the balls path down the lane track flare increases exposing fresh cover stock (facilitates depletion of oil).
informally in bowling circles as cocking. Both
 
the AMA and the AAOS rate the normal ROM
 
for ulnar deviation as 30 degrees. Radial deviation
 
moves the wrist laterally, away from the
 
body. The radius bone is located on the thumb
 
side of the forearm and is also a long bone in
 
the forearm. The normal ROM according to
 
both the AMA and the AAOS is 20 degrees.
 
  
===Elbow Flexion/Extension===
+
'''Axiom #1'''
  
Elbow flexion is moving the forearm toward
+
Oil depletion occurs at a greater rate in the mid lane versus the head area in my humble opinion.
the upper arm and body. Extension refers to
 
the movement away from the upper arm and
 
body. In the set up of most bowlers, the forearm
 
is supinated and flexed at ninety degrees
 
or higher of elbow flexion. The AAOS states
 
that the normal ROM is 150 degrees with 140
 
for the AMA. The neutral or zero position is
 
the arm fully extended.
 
  
===Trunk Lateral Flexion===
+
'''Reason being:'''
 +
1) Ball speed and axis rotation are at their greatest during the first part of the lane.
 +
2) Ball speed and axis rotation decrease in the mid lane as flare increases.
 +
3) Track flare is a contributing factor to mid lane oil depletion.
  
Lateral flexion is leaning or bending the
+
'''Axiom #2'''
trunk to the side. For bowling, in the modern
 
game, in order to establish an improved line
 
of sight and space for the swing slot, lateral
 
flexion is a critical element of an efficient
 
game. The neutral or zero position would
 
be standing straight. The normal ROM for
 
the lower (lumbar) and middle (thoracic)
 
spine is 30 to 35 degrees. In the October
 
2010 Slowinski at-large, I discussed the body
 
position in which trunk lateral flexion helps
 
create space for the swing slot as well as enhancing
 
torso rotation.
 
  
===Shoulder Extension/Flexion===
+
I had a great reaction then the heads starting hooking. Really?
  
In bowling terms, shoulder flexion
+
'''Maybe not:'''
(forward) and extension (backswing) are
 
an important component of the physical
 
game. The neutral position of shoulder
 
extension or flexion is at the side, adjacent
 
to the leg. With the arm in front of the
 
body, the shoulder is flexed slightly. Flexion
 
is forward movement with a normal ROM
 
of 150 (AMA) or 180 (AAOS). The normal
 
ROM of extension is 50 (AMA) or 60 (AAOS)
 
degrees. Pay special attention to the normal
 
ROM in regard to shoulder extension. The
 
height of the swing can only be achieved by
 
trunk flexion.
 
  
===Shoulder Adduction/Abduction===
+
Depletion of oil in the mid lane moves shortens the skid zone and moves Hook Zone closer to the foul line.
 +
What once was a good reaction we now see the ball over reacting down lane. (slide #2)
  
Abduction is to move the upper arm away
+
The move left (right handers) is not to find more head oil, but to get the ball into the fresh oil in the mid lane restoring our original ball reaction. (slide #3)
from the body. Adduction is to move the upper
 
arm toward your body.
 
  
===Trunk Flexion===
+
'''Carry down'''
  
The normal ROM for the lower (lumbar)
+
Oil picked up on the balls surface in the mid lane is re-deposited on the lane after the ball leaves the end of the oil pattern. (slide # 6)
and middle (thoracic) spine is 80 (AAOS) and
 
60 (AMA) degrees.
 
  
Trunk Rotation
+
The additional oil past the end of the pattern reduces the traction between the ball and the lane surface. Less traction….less reaction.
Some bowlers rotate the torso which places
 
the ball-side hip and shoulder behind the balance
 
arm side hip and shoulder.
 
 
===Knee Flexion===
 
  
Bending at the knee is knee flexion. The
+
'''Oil depletion and carry down similarities.'''
normal ROM is 135 (AMA) or 150 (AAOS).
+
Excessive oil depletion in the mid lane can cause the ball to progress through the Skid and Hook Stage
 +
prematurely. Turning rotational energy into translational energy too soon and the ball often hits flat.
  
 +
Carry down moves the Hook Zone further down lane, reducing the balls chances of getting into the Roll Stage. Often resulting in the ball hitting flat.
  
 +
'''Thus, similar effects on ball motion down lane.'''
  
 +
'''General guidelines:'''
  
 +
Move feet and maybe target left ………ball reaction restored………probably dealing with oil depletion.
  
 +
Move feet and maybe target left ………ball reaction not restored………change to a weaker ball and deliver another ball on the same line. Ball reaction restored……...oil depletion.
  
 +
Ball reaction not restored………. possibly carry down.
  
 +
Carry down………move feet and target right of the original target to get around carry down. Sometimes, this move will require balling up to a stronger cover stock.
  
 +
While this may seem like a lot to digest......once familiar with the process.....it only takes several shots for me to make a decision what the athlete is dealing with....depletion or carry down.
  
  
 +
Put Slides after this
  
== Tom Blasco's Expert Bowling Tips ==
 
  
As one of Bowler Journal's Top 100 Coaches 2005 through 2009, the owner and operator of Bowler's Corner in Satellite Beach,
+
[[File:1 Fresh Shot Good Ball Reaction.jpg|thumb|500px|Test phrase]]
FL since 1975 and the member of bowling's leading organizations Tom hardly needs an introduction.
 
  
Tom offers expert tips primarily geared to other bowling coaches but are also useful to amateur bowlers.
+
[[Image:1 Fresh Shot Good Ball Reaction.jpg|thumb|500px|Test phrase]]
  
 +
[[Image:1 Fresh Shot Good Ball Reaction.jpg]]
  
'''http://www.bowlingfans.com/tips/tom.shtml'''
 
  
 
+
[[Image:Scenario 1.jpg|thumb|left|500px|Scenario 1]]
 
+
[[Image:Scenario 2.jpg|thumb|left|500px|Scenario 2]]
== Grip Test as illustrated by Don Johnson ==
+
[[Image:Scenario 3.jpg|thumb|left|500px|Scenario 3]]
 
+
[[Image:Scenario 4.jpg|thumb|left|500px|Scenario 4]]
This is something illustrated by Don Johnson on his first video "A Pro's Guide to Better Bowling Volume 1,
+
[[Image:Scenario 5.jpg|thumb|left|500px|Scenario 5]]
it is a "test" to see if the thumb-hole is too loose or too snug.  
 
http://www.bowlingbookstore.com/products/94
 
 
 
Requirements: the ball, some bowlers tape, a tool to add or remove tape.
 
Caveat: the objective of this test is for the ball to drop off the thumb following an action an assistant will perform.
 
A bowler could do this solo.
 
The bowler can be standing up or kneeling down so the ball does not fall far!
 
 
 
Before performing the test, the bowler should check the ball to see if the ball is obviously too tight or too loose.
 
Adjust the fit if needed.
 
 
 
Once the bowler thinks it fits well, the bowler should insert their fingers and thumb in the ball as per norm.
 
 
 
Next, the bowler should hold the ball down by their bowling side in a collapsed wrist position.
 
Definition: Collapsed wrist in this context is like you would position palm to push yourself away from the table or on the floor to do pushups.
 
The bowlers palm should be facing towards the floor and the ball should stay on because you've already checked to see if it was too loose. If it does slip off, add tape.
 
If it stays on, the assistant should position their hand on the back of the bowlers bowling hand (the flip side of the palm).
 
Now press down and straighten out the bowlers wrist.
 
If the ball stays on, the thumb is too tight ( adjust the thumb hole tape )
 
If the ball easily drops off, the fit is good, this is what we are looking for.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
== Bowling Books, Periodicals, and Videos ==
 
 
 
*[[Bowling This Month]] ... Added 9/26/2011
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
==Articles== 
 
 
 
*[[Analysis of Elite Bowlers by Bill Spigner]] ... Added 9/23/2011
 
*[[Ridenour Biomechanics|Biomechanics]]<br />
 
*[[Cybervision Tapes]]
 
*[[Fundamentals of the Modern Release]]
 
*[[Lane Play Strategy for the Typical House Shot]]
 
*[[Ridenour Motion Capture|Motion Capture]]<br />
 
*[[Peak Performance Under Stress]]<br />
 
*[[Role of the Trailing Leg and Knee Continuation]]
 
*[[Shift Bowl Technique]]
 
*[[Video Capture Coaching|Video Capture Tips for Bowler Assessment / Coaching]]<br />
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
==Mental Game Toolbox==
 
 
 
*[[Knowledge]]
 
*[[Mastering The Competition Cycle]]
 
*[[Mental Game Toolbox]]
 
*[[The Winning Ingredients]]
 
 
 
 
 
==Drills==
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
== Analysis of Elite Bowlers by Bill Spigner ==
 
 
 
Bill has been writing the “The Pro Approach” for Bowlers Journal since May, 2008. Prior to writing for the Bowlers Journal Bill wrote “Bill Spigner's Pro's Corner” for the Chicago Bowler from 1985-1990, “Bill Spigner's Bowling Clinic” for Bowling Digest from 1983-2004. CLICK HERE to go to the Bowling Digest page to read Bill's articles. Bill's “The Pro Approach” articles will be added monthly, but they'll always be three months after they have been published in the Bowlers Journal. If you would like to read Bill's articles sooner CLICK HERE to go to the Bowlers Journal website to subscribe.
 
 
 
 
 
'''http://www.billspigner.com/articles'''
 
 
 
== Ron Clifton's Bowl4fun==
 
 
 
Ron has worked with PBA national title holders, top professional men and women in the PBA and PWBA regional programs, collegiate bowlers and World Team Challenge champions but the majority of bowlers Ron has had the pleasure to help are average bowlers who are determined to improve their game.
 
 
 
Ron began writing bowling tips for a local bowling newspaper at the turn of the millennium and began posting them on this website, bowl4fun.com. The tips gained in popularity and evolved into full-blown articles; eventually some became multi-part series. Later, Ron became a contributor for Bowling This Month magazine, the foremost bowling instructional magazine in the country. You can find his articles in the magazine  under the title "Top Techniques". 
 
 
 
 
 
'''http://bowl4fun.com/index.html'''
 
 
 
 
 
==Richard Shockley's Virtual Bowling Channel==
 
 
 
Now a coach for over thirty years, Richard is a member of an elite group of top coaches in the world as a USBC Certified Gold Coach.  His passion for teaching players has only increased over the years and as the game has changed, Richard has kept current with all the latest teaching techniques and drills that he uses with top players in the US and throughout the world.
 
 
 
 
 
'''http://www.youtube.com/user/RSvirtualbowling'''
 
 
 
==Above 180 Joey Cerar and Tim Burg==
 
 
 
Bowling enthusiasts Joey Cerar and Tim Burg have unveiled this website contains: bowling news, views, tips and tricks. Above180.com is a hub for bowlers–both amateur and professional–to find tools to improve their game; including podcasts, videos, articles and tournament news.
 
 
 
 
'''http://above180.com/'''
 
 
 
==Bill Spigner==
 
 
 
Bill has had much success on and off the lanes in the bowling industry.
 
3 National PBA Titles; 9 Regional PBA Titles, including 1980 Eastern Region Tournament of Champions.
 
Bill has written for Bowling Digest and currently writes for Bowler's Journal International.
 
Bill has an extensive list of accomplishments and credentials, he is both a USBC Gold Level Coach, 2000
 
and a member of the Gold Level Coach Review Committee since 2001.
 
 
 
 
 
'''http://www.billspigner.com/'''
 
 
 
==Bowling Trainer / German==
 
 
 
Thomas is a great contributor to this site.
 
Thomas (known as nsane on BowlingChat.net)
 
 
 
'''http://bowlingtrainer.topschi.de/'''
 
 
 
== The International Art of Bowling ==
 
 
 
The International Art of Bowling is a unique bowling experience focusing on the expertise of USBC Gold Level Coach, Ron Hoppe, and USBC Silver Level Coaches, Jason Belmonte and Diandra Asbaty. Not only will the IAB offer superior coaching and instruction, but will also give bowlers a chance to be a part of something revolutionary and new. IAB efforts will be focused globally as well as domestically.
 
 
 
The services we offer range from personal appearances, to Bowling Bootcamp Clinics. The IAB artists, Ron Hoppe, Jason Belmonte, and Diandra Asbaty all specialize in different areas and will customize each event to suit their customer. A menu of choices will be presented to each interested party to assure a complete and well-developed Bowling Bootcamp for their customer.
 
 
 
'''http://www.internationalartofbowling.com/'''
 

Latest revision as of 08:49, 2 July 2017

From A reply by Jim Merrell to the topic Carrydown or Depletion? What to look for

Source: http://forum.bowlingchat.net/viewtopic.php?f=20&t=13148

As to what to look for? It's a little more complicated than a one line answer, sorry for the long post.

Disclaimer: none of the following is based on scientific data......just my observations over many years.

I view depletion as a reduction of something; that something being oil in the case of the bowling environment.

Here's the simple explanation: Depletion of oil on the lane results in earlier reaction (ball could lose energy too soon....lose of down lane reaction).

Carry down of oil on the lane typically results in later ball reaction.

Now for the dissertation:

Depletion of oil

Givens: 1) The ball is traveling at its fastest speed as it leaves the hand (facilitates skid). 2) Axis Rotation is at its greatest at release (facilitates skid). 3) During the balls path down the lane track flare increases exposing fresh cover stock (facilitates depletion of oil).

Axiom #1

Oil depletion occurs at a greater rate in the mid lane versus the head area in my humble opinion.

Reason being: 1) Ball speed and axis rotation are at their greatest during the first part of the lane. 2) Ball speed and axis rotation decrease in the mid lane as flare increases. 3) Track flare is a contributing factor to mid lane oil depletion.

Axiom #2

I had a great reaction then the heads starting hooking. Really?

Maybe not:

Depletion of oil in the mid lane moves shortens the skid zone and moves Hook Zone closer to the foul line. What once was a good reaction we now see the ball over reacting down lane. (slide #2)

The move left (right handers) is not to find more head oil, but to get the ball into the fresh oil in the mid lane restoring our original ball reaction. (slide #3)

Carry down

Oil picked up on the balls surface in the mid lane is re-deposited on the lane after the ball leaves the end of the oil pattern. (slide # 6)

The additional oil past the end of the pattern reduces the traction between the ball and the lane surface. Less traction….less reaction.

Oil depletion and carry down similarities. Excessive oil depletion in the mid lane can cause the ball to progress through the Skid and Hook Stage prematurely. Turning rotational energy into translational energy too soon and the ball often hits flat.

Carry down moves the Hook Zone further down lane, reducing the balls chances of getting into the Roll Stage. Often resulting in the ball hitting flat.

Thus, similar effects on ball motion down lane.

General guidelines:

Move feet and maybe target left ………ball reaction restored………probably dealing with oil depletion.

Move feet and maybe target left ………ball reaction not restored………change to a weaker ball and deliver another ball on the same line. Ball reaction restored……...oil depletion.

Ball reaction not restored………. possibly carry down.

Carry down………move feet and target right of the original target to get around carry down. Sometimes, this move will require balling up to a stronger cover stock.

While this may seem like a lot to digest......once familiar with the process.....it only takes several shots for me to make a decision what the athlete is dealing with....depletion or carry down.


Put Slides after this


File:1 Fresh Shot Good Ball Reaction.jpg


Scenario 1
Scenario 2
Scenario 3
Scenario 4
Scenario 5